What Causes Kidney Stones ?

Kidney stones form when substances like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid crystallize in the urine.

Types of Stones :

• Calcium oxalate : Most common; linked to high oxalate foods (spinach, beets).
• Uric acid : From high protein diets.
• Struvite : From urinary tract infections.
• Cystine : Rare; caused by genetic disorders.

Symptoms :

• Severe pain in the back or side.
• Blood in urine.
• Frequent, painful urination.

Prevention :

• Drink plenty of water (2-3 liters daily).
• Reduce sodium and oxalate-rich foods.
• Medications to control calcium or uric acid levels.

Treatment :

• Pain management and hydration.
• Lithotripsy to break stones.
• Surgery for large stones.